SWOT annalysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SWOT annalysis - Assignment Example This paper inspects the company’s qualities, shortcomings, openings and dangers as portrayed in the Figure 1 underneath. With respect to qualities, PepsiCo, Inc. is prestige in keeping up top brands. Without a doubt, Pepsi is one of the most perceived brands in the globe. In the year 2008 for instance, Pepsi included in the 28th situation in the main 100 worldwide brands rankings. Moreover, a large portion of its different brands are top brands also. They incorporate Diet Pepsi, Lipton Teas, Tropicana, Aquafina Bottled Water, Quaker Foods and Snacks, Tostitos, Sierra Mist, Gastorade Mountain see among numerous others. The vast majority of these brands rule in more than 200 nations around the world. Another quality of PepsiCo, Inc. is item enhancement. In this respects, Pepsi keeps up a wide assortment of items including juice drinks, snacks, filtered water, breakfast grains, prepared to-drink refreshments, cakes, among other. Likewise, PepsiCo, Inc. keeps up a fantastic conveyance channel. In this respects, the organization upgrades appropriate the conveyance of its items legitimately from the spots of assembling to the customers and retail locations. The organization additionally showcases their own items, giving them an upper hand. With respect to shortcoming, PepsiCo, Inc. vigorously relies upon Wal-Mart. Roughly 12 percent of PepsiCo’s all out net deals is offered to Wal-Mart (Datemornitor, 2011). This consequently suggests PepsiCo is incredibly influenced by Wal-Mart’s procedures to enormous degrees. For example, Wal-Mart’s low value procedure mounts bunches of weights to PepsiCo, Inc. Overreliance on the US showcases likewise comprises PepsiCo’s shortcoming. In this respects, a considerable segment of PepsiCo’s incomes start from the United States. All things considered, the organization is to a great extent influenced by changes in the monetary condition in the US economy. Concerning openings, PepsiCo keeps on widening its item base. For instance, PepsiCo, Inc. as of late

World Ciz Essay Chapter One

Horticulture Agriculture was found by a fortuitous event of a disposed of garbage which conveyed seeds that later was found of a sort plant which projected starting from the earliest stage rubbish was tossed. The section makes reference to that it was presumably a lady that discarded the rubbish and later found the marvel of the plant that developed from the seed days after the fact. It was from this disclosure that later fuel the idea of horticulture, which in the long run arrived at numerous pieces of the world all through the coming years.Agriculture developed In size, however numerous advances from this exchange were found and utilized not exclusively to Improve and Increase the size of developing food from seeds, yet It lead to different roads of building. Be that as it may, In another disclosure and advances, there are burdens and difficulties experienced. Various clans all through the various nations defeated huge numbers of these difficulties, yet there were those that needed to change their methodology or relocate.Some of the significant changes and advances investigated were: the capacity for seeds to duplicate into plants and food, which these fields must be gone to all together o look after fruitfulness, this thusly lead to settlements and the idea of claiming property, at that point other new innovations were created to satisfy new needs, for example, stockpiling holders and devices for preparing and developing food. All through the world agribusiness lead individuals to lasting settlements, while Increasing the yield and making food surpluses.The people group of individuals before long found that they stockpiling, for example, earthenware for putting away food collected, metal laborers who additionally had particular jobs. The advances that lead from the revelation of farming lead to individuals not going furious and individuals had the option to choose a specific property for a while. Some culture found various frameworks to develop their yields and fields, which lead to give significant supplements that made better harvests. One of these frameworks referenced were the â€Å"three sister†.This revelation permitted three kinds of harvests to developed inside a similar field, which the underlying foundations of each plant thusly, created supplements for the maize seeds. This sort framework is known to assemble to make a healthfully complete feast. Likewise, with the disclosure of different instruments, homes and better helter were made for families to settle and live so as to take care of the fields and reap their yields. This helped the network in better day to day environments and thus made what was known as the first towns.The outcomes of this headway adversely was that cultivating was not any more secure than tracker gatherer Jobs in addition to had a heavier outstanding task at hand. Because of the natural mileage of their bodies, just as their eating regimens were not various they experienced a great deal of mala dies which lead to them kicking the bucket at youthful ages. The constructive outcomes of cultivating would be individuals started to figured out how to take better are of themselves by delivering huge measures of food from plants and it was at an agreeable scope of their reach.Also, the individuals around them create different courses in nourishment and apparatuses with prompted a progressively evolved society. The test people looked because of agribusiness advancement would be sharing the land reasonably and equitably. Now and then a rancher would perceive how another rancher can develop more organic product or vegetables or conceivable wheat, and inevitably they would need to remove a portion of that land so they themselves will have the option to develop better food. With the improvement of government set up people had the option to beat this a be increasingly sorted out with what land individuals claimed and furthermore separate it fairly.In end, horticulture has certainly had a significant job in the public arena advancement. Without it who realizes to what extent it would have taken for governments and different rules that are in put today which have made the establishment for things, for example, peace. As referenced, obviously improvement of anything accompanied difficulties which individuals needed to turn out to be progressively different from their perspective so as to conquer these difficulties. With such decent variety comes both positive and negative outcomes.

Managing Business Partnerships free essay sample

This paper talks about manners by which organizations can keep up viably their business associations. This paper presents crafted by Moss-Kanter on overseeing organizations. The creator relates that the way to taking care of social contrasts is to anticipate them and to manage them as they happen. She noticed that associations can't be constrained by formal frameworks. She presumes that for a consent to be fruitful, each side of the understanding must feel as significant as the other. Chapter by chapter list Compelling Communication Advantage Control Issues Abundance Competition Advantage happens when one of the organizations needs more and looks for circumstances that don't include the other organization. One model is if the provider organization made a course of action with another organization as a selective provider. This circumstance would leave the buy organization without a provider. One approach to maintain a strategic distance from this is to treat the provider like an accomplice, ensuring that the two gatherings profit by the relationship. We will compose a custom exposition test on Overseeing Business Partnerships or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page

Thanksgiving Celebration Tradition - Free Essay Example

Thanksgiving Thanksgiving is a well-known celebrated tradition of the United States and is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. Anyone can celebrate the special holiday how they choose or choose not to celebrate at all. The United States has shaped Thanksgiving into their own culture. Thanksgiving has changed drastically over time. Like many other historical events and stories, thanksgivings meaning in the United States has changed from its original reason of celebration. Thanksgiving Day is a detailed record from Salem Press, a publisher of reference works. Based off of the information given, the Pilgrims came to the new world on the Mayflower. Almost a hundred of the passengers passed away during the winter season. The survivors built wooden houses and planted crops with the help of the natives during spring and winter. The surviving pilgrims invited the neighboring tribe to enjoy the successful harvest. The Wampanoag Indians brought five deer (Thanksgiving Day). This is the story children are taught in school about the origin of Thanksgiving and the beginning of the United States. Myths are very common when it comes down to past events. A myth is a traditional story, especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or events. The article, Investigating the First Thanksgiving, is by Jacqueline M. Keneipp, a graduate from Indiana with a Bachelor of Arts degree in history. The article states that Americans see the first Thanksgiving with images of Pilgrims and Indians sitting at a long banquet table eating turkey and pumpkin pie (Keneipp). Historians have used sources from the harvest festival to prove the modern story, of the first Thanksgiving, incorrect. The harvest festival is primary sources historians accept as the true first day of the holiday (Keneipp). The Making of the Domestic Occasion: The History of Thanksgiving in the United States, is a journal of social history written by Elizabeth Pleck- a graduate from the University of Illinois. The journal gives insight on the first Thanksgiving and how it change overtime. It is noted that the first celebration was in November of 1612. The pilgrims sailed the ocean and came to America where they met the Wampanoag Indians. The story goes that they celebrated a successful harvest and ate happily together but the following history of what happened after getting comfortable on the new land is not taught. Thanksgiving Myths, Legends and Lies: Why Settlers Really Started the Annual Feast, was written by Grace Donnelly from fortune.com- a multinational business magazine. After the pilgrims got comfortable, they used small pox blankets to get rid of the natives (Donnelly). The article mentions how the encounter between the pilgrims and Indians was not as sweet as everyone thinks (Donnelly). The celebration in 1621 did not mark a fr iendly turning point and did not become an annual event. Relations between the Wampanoag and the settlers deteriorated, leading to the Pequot War, Donnelly states. In her work Donnelly explains that President Lincoln issued the proclamation of Thanksgiving in 1863 to bring the Indian and Pilgrims together and end the war (Donnelly). The celebration was also encouraged by a magazine editor, Sarah Josepha Hale. She would encourage the legalization of the holiday in Godeys magazine and write letters to the military and governors telling them to celebrate (Pleck). Godeys was a magazine with a circulation of 150,000 and the largest periodical of its kind in the country (Thanksgiving Day). Also, the confederates and the Union were separated and at war with each other, the union won. The battle of Gettysburg had a role in Lincoln making Thanksgiving a legal holiday (Thanksgiving Day). After it became a national holiday, the meaning of thanksgiving started changing to a holiday of family homecoming (Pleck). Pleck also states how the second most celebrated holiday became a holiday of American civil religion. Instead of being thankful for the crops and successful harvest, Lincoln praised God for prosperity, blessings, and peace. Thanksgiving gained a new meaning during the Progressive era. Attending church was no longer required but it was expected to say grace before eating. Public schools used immigrant children to bring American culture into their homes. They encouraged the children to enjoy American celebrations and no longer stressed the history of Thanksgiving. Pleck states that, In the Progressive era, teachers did not emphasize the Protestant origins or meanings of thanksgiving, and instead portrayed the holiday in secular, nationalist terms ¦ (Pleck). During the 1870s, teachers started giving students pictures and symbols to draw and color. The child would bring home the ideas learned from class and share it with their family (Pleck). Around the late 1800s, people in the west thought of the holiday as a hunting day and people in the south considered it a Yankee day. Pleck mentions that Thanksgiving Day, in the early nineteenth century, began with church and ended the day with a feast. The men would target objects or wild turkeys and win a prize. This could take place before or after church. Blacks still thought of Thanksgiving as a religious holiday around 1900 and attended church the morning of (Pleck). The Macys Day parade symbolized commercialization. It started in 1924 and advertised shopping for the next upcoming holiday, Christmas. Thanksgiving themed table settings and cards were also sold during this time. Gifts, such as the Bible, were exchanged in the early nineteenth century but is no longer done. Football became a popular sport watched on the fourth Thursday of November in the late 1800s when a college championship game was scheduled on that day. Soon after the first game of 1876, many college and high school teams were playing on Thanksgiving Day. In the 1900s it became an inside sport over the radio and by 1956 the games made it to television screens. Women and men were separated during the celebration. The men would sit and talk over food and the game while the females worked in the kitchen and talked with other women (Pleck). Thanksgiving is not what it used to be. The holiday is celebrated with different foods that are now considered the traditional meal of the special day. Outdoor activities are less common than it was in the past. The United States do not speak on details about the important history that created the tradition and encouraged it. Televised games, eating a huge meal, and being thankful for Gods blessings is the modern day Thanksgiving. Work Cited Donnelly, Grace. Thanksgiving Myths, Legends and Lies: Why Settlers Really Started the Annual Feast. Fortune.Com, 21 Nov. 2017, p. 1. EBSCOhost, ntcc.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=126354504site=eds-live. Elizabeth Pleck, author. The Making of the Domestic Occasion: The History of Thanksgiving in the United States. Journal of Social History, no. 4, 1999, p. 773. EBSCOhost, ntcc.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=edsjsrAN=edsjsr.3789891site=eds-live. Jacqueline M., Keneipp. Investigating the First Thanksgiving. OAH Magazine of History, no. 3, 2004, p. 68. EBSCOhost, ntcc.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=edsjsrAN=edsjsr.25163687site=eds-live. Thanksgiving Day. Salem Press Encyclopedia, 2015. EBSCOhost,ntcc.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=erAN=93788271site=eds-live. Wallendorf, Melanie and Eric J. Arnould. We Gather Together: Consumption Rituals of Thanksgiving Day. Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 18, no. 1, June 1991, pp. 13-31. EBSCOhost, ntcc.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=4657212site=eds-live.

His/125 Radical Reconstruction and the Populist Movement

Week 1 Assignment Radical Reconstruction Once I studied the events on the 19th century, the historians and I agree, which based on the occurrence there were not enough radical actions taken during the radical reconstruction. The main intentions of the changes were to recreate the southern general cultural beliefs so it was more like the beliefs of the north. Sadly there was constant fighting and many changes made within the federal government, it would not permit the reconstruction to be become as successful as they (the radicals) had wanted it. Some of the ex-Confederates were afraid if the government implemented the new laws passed, the lives they had before the Civil War would not be the same. Some were afraid with the black slaves†¦show more content†¦Second is the all the states would then become under Socialist control, North and South America would eventually come under militia laws, and the government would run all the industries. Populist Movement One significant leader of the Populist movement was Daniel Russell of North Carolina, the Populist/Fusion governor who was elected in 1896. The Farmer’s Alliance had been fighting for years to build up large grain stores and land banks to help farmers dig themselves out of debt. These farmers slowly coalesced into the Populist Party and noticed that they had class issues in common with the mostly black Republicans in the state, particularly in the district known as the Black Second. Beginning in the early 1890s, the Republican and Populist parties came together on a fusion ticket to fight for the rights of poor farmers who had been gouged by the white, conservative landowners and the tenant farming system. They aligned their politics on the axis of class instead of the axis of race, and won substantial majorities in the elections of 1894 and 1896. Russell was elected governor and immediately began campaigns that succeeded in extending the franchise, helping poor farmers with t heir loans and aiding illiterate farmers with illustrated color ballots. Although he was not the most headstrong or powerful governor, perhaps the greatest reasonShow MoreRelatedEssay about History: World War I and Bold Experiments7600 Words   |  31 PagesChapter ­17 ­ The Busy Hive: Industrial America at Work, 1877–1911 Chapter 18 The Victorians Meet the Modern, 1880–1917 Chapter 19 â€Å"Civilization’s Inferno†: The Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880 –1917 Chapter 20 Whose Government? Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880 –1917 Chapter 21 An Emerging World Power, 1877–1918 Chapter 22 Wrestling with Modernity, 1918 –1929 Part 5 Essential Questions After studying the chapters in Part 5, you should know how to answer the following questions:Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesformal control Bureaucratic control Output control Cultural control The new wave in action: managing cultural change A theoretical explanation of a possible shift in control: A new historical configuration? An alternative theoretical explanation: movements in managerial discourse? The theoretical origins of new-wave theory Conclusions 148 148 150 152 152 153 156 159 159 160 161 164 171 176 179 186 . x Contents Chapter 5 Postmodernist organization theory: new organizational forms

Segregation and Discrimination - 1979 Words

Scenario Our group focused on a small town, middle to lower class, rural setting. The students would be of average intelligence and physical ability. We based our presentation on the small town, because there are little ethnic variations within school districts. This can present a problem, because children don’t know how to respond to different ethnic groups, therefore, causing unintentional discrimination/segregation. Our teaching strategy of student centered role playing will be used during a 4th grade social studies lesson, in which we are discussing discrimination and segregation. The children are at the tender age of 9 and 10, and they can relate this activity to things that are happening in their everyday lives. School†¦show more content†¦They will then be completing a personal reflection in their journals about the experience. Before we begin the activity, a letter will be sent home in order to get the parent’s permission to have their child participate in the activity. It will have to be signed and returned a couple of days before the activity. We came up with an idea in which we formulated a system, where half of the children wore white and the other half wore blue for one day. For the first half of the day, the children wearing white will be the majority, and blue will be the minority. Then they switch, and white is the minority, and blue is the majority. Some privileges that the majority would experience would be: a longer recess, easier work, studying together, treats, and an all-around simpler day. The minority would have to work by themselves, stay in from recess, not get snack, and receive harder work. Through this activity the students will learn the concepts of understanding stereotypes, unfair judgments, discrimination, and segregation. They will develop an understanding of how ma jority and minority groups are treated differently. Teaching Strategies in Relationship to the Domains The three domains are each taken into account according to the age of the children, and each domain corresponds well with our teaching strategy. The physical domain focuses on their gross and fine motor skills. In 4th grade,Show MoreRelatedSlavery, Segregation, And Discrimination1264 Words   |  6 PagesThrough slavery, segregation, and discrimination, history coded the worst word : the N word. However, banning this most heinous abomination of speech, used throughout history to oppress and dehumanize black people, in fact only perpetuates the trend of removing power from those whose voices society silences. Utilizing the N word gives black people a measure of control over their identities that history stole. Reclamation remembers the odious history of the word and honors the people who lived itRead MoreRacial Segregation And Racial Discrimination1645 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor line of American society since the colonies century playing a powerful role in the political system thr oughout United States government. The terminology race has been changed repeatedly throughout history. African American history of racial segregation created a clear view of how most racial minorities have been treated throughout history and views and differences amount racial majority. This paper primarily focus will be the treatment or experience racial minority faced throughout this historicalRead MoreEssay on The Harmful Effects Of Discrimination And Segregation534 Words   |  3 Pages Discrimination and Segregation have both had many harmful effects on society in the past and exist when individuals are treated unfairly because of their particular race, gender, age, ethnic group, physical disability, or religion. Discrimination and segregation both poison the atmosphere of trust that we need in order to live peacefully. In the video Separate but Equal;, there are many incidences to prove that racism, segregation, and discrimination all have negative effects. The three mostRead MoreRacial Segregation And Discrimination Of African Americans1501 Words   |  7 Pagescomposition. Although great strides have been made to enact laws that contest racial discrimination, there has been little progress for the discriminating factor immigrant. Events like the 1960 s which focused to end the racial segregation and discrimination of African Americans and enacted a legal precedence affirming legal protection of the each and every citizen regardless of color. While racial discrimination continues to divide us it has cleverly developed a new direction —the immigrant, theRead MoreThe Transition From Racial Segregation And Discrimination939 Words   |  4 Pages- through income inequality, exploitation and oppression. Governments need to carefully plan out economic policies to avoid a â€Å"second conflict†. This paper will examine South Africa as a case study to look at the trans ition from racial segregation and discrimination to economic isolation and marginalization. Actors that shape and influence this transitory phase include the World Bank, the IMF, local politicians, foreign investors and of course, the people. In post-conflict countries, the processRead MoreRacism, Discrimination, And Segregation Against African Americans3220 Words   |  13 PagesSami Mabrouk Mrs. Perry Reading and Composition 5 October 2014 Racism, Discrimination, and Segregation against African Americans in the United States Perhaps one of the most well-known and prominent forms of racism and discrimination existing in American society is that perpetrated against African Americans. It is commonly agreed that slavery in America began as early as 1619 with the arrival of African slaves in Jamestown, Virginia to help with the tobacco crops. Slavery continued in the subsequentRead MoreIn The 1950S, Segregation And Discrimination Were Extremely1445 Words   |  6 Pages In the 1950 s, segregation and discrimination were extremely prevalent. King and his supporters faced harsh treatment and unfair laws such as the Jim Crows Laws that stated, â€Å"Black were forbidden to use the same drinking fountain as the whites, as well as restaurants, theaters, or public facilities, and blacks had to sit in the rear of the buses†(Myers 112). In 1955, two cases of this unfair treatment were conducted, first a 15- year old girl refusing to give up her seat to a white man and secondRead MoreRacial Segregation And Ra cial Discrimination During The 1960 S1421 Words   |  6 Pagesmastermind behind the attacks, Osama Bin Laden, was caught and brought to justice. Because of attacks like September 11, how American perceive people of the Islamic faith has changed drastically and has led to hate crimes against Muslim s. While discrimination is prohibited in the US, the people do have the right to be angry. Now with the threat of ISIS and its recruitment over the internet, it has led to an even more terrifying consequences. Fighting War on Terror at home in our own backyards. ForRead MoreSegregation and Discrimination in the United States Military During World War Two10166 Words   |  41 PagesSegregation and Discrimination in the United States Military during World War Two | | | | 5/3/2010 | | Segregation and Discrimination in the United States Military during World War Two Thesis: Although the U.S. military has been a leader in desegregation and in other social matters, during World War Two fear and prejudice keep many highly qualified people from serving. This weakened every branch of the military by limiting it to a less diverse and therefore less flexible fightingRead MoreCivil Rights Movement At Mid Century Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesPritchett. Wendell E. Manning. Robert D. 2005. â€Å"A National Issue: Segregation in the District of Columbia and Civil Rights Movement at Mid-Century† This article explores the history of Washington D.C. during the post-World War II period and the impact that civil rights played in equalizing rights and opportunities for all races in the district. In several ways, the war improved Washington from a city that was rural and urban to one of the most important cities in America. It was a city

Does Globalization Diminish Cultural Differences Essay Example For Students

Does Globalization Diminish Cultural Differences Essay Giorgia Frizzi, 23rd July 2010 Globalization, Localization, Glocalization Research Paper. Does globalization weaken cultural diversity or does it foster it? Effects of Globalization in Cultural differentiation 1. Introduction. As some of us may know, the term â€Å"globalize† started being used in the modern times. However globalization as an idea has been brought up since even before the 1500’s when people started forming connections between communities, and therefore creating forms of communication, migration and such between these. And it is probably from these examples that in the modern era we came to call it Globalization which is known for being a process of integration between cultures, societies, economies, etc. Nonetheless, there have been, and there still are, many debates about the real cultural benefits of such global process. There is no argument that when it comes to globalization, culture is indeed a concept of complex controversies. There are many different points of view about how globalization affects cultures and many competing perspectives of cultural homogenization versus cultural differentiation. The positive perspective of cultural globalization is that cultural diversity gives people ample choices and enrichment of learning from different cultures and traditions. We get the chance to choose between globally produced goods, besides local products, without being bound by their geographical location. Critics instead state that there is a depletion of cultural diversity through processes like ‘‘Mcdonaldization’’. Scholars who dislike cultural globalization believe that there is no such thing as Globalization but there is instead a process of cultural imperialism, where the only values and life style spread are the American ones; hence the use of the term Americanization. In these regards, Joschka Fischer, a German politician, claimed I never use the concept, multipolar. I use multilateral. Because we have only one global power: whether you like it or not, this is the United States. The objective of this paper which I am presenting to you is to give a better understanding of the impact that globalization has on multiculturalism or cultural diversity through the use of analysis of the concept of culture and cultural diversity and by measuring facts and indicators that have changed since globalization has started, and to come to the conclusion that even though globalization gives the world some sort of homogenization when it comes to economical matters, the strongest effect is the one that actually enhances cultural identity. . 1 Understanding culture in the era of globalization. Human societies across the world have always tried establishing closer contacts with each other, but in the era of globalization this has increased a lot , thanks to innovations and science which have made the world interdependent , and multi-national companies which have made the world one global market. When trying to understand Globalization , one of the first issues to solve out is th e lack of a universal terminology. In other words, theres no common acceptance of a unique meaning of the concept of Globalization. As in this paper I will try to identify relations between globalization and cultural diversity and the effects of such relations, it would be appropriate to take the concept of culture as a starting point to try and explore the process of change of such concept between certain social groups, caused by globalization. Everyday we hear about cultural and religious conflicts in the world, because people are indeed looking for their cultural roots. Globalization and cultural diversity is strongly discussed among scholars because the situation is more complex than it sounds and it will be helpful to look at it more analytically so on the one hand, we need to understand globalization but on the other, we need to have a clear idea of the concept of culture were here talking about. In the 20th Century scholars defined culture as a shared set of customs, habits, beliefs and ideas that hold people together in recognizable groups. Websters Third New International Dictionary (Gove, 2000) defines culture as the total pattern of human behavior and its products embodied in speech, action, and artifacts and dependent upon mans capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations. I believe that nowadays culture is no longer perceived as some sort of knowledge system we got from our ancestors. Indeed many anthropologists and socialists now perceive culture as the ideas, attributes and expectations that change as people react to changing situations. Indeed, in the 21st century , technology has increased the velocity of social change. For instance the internet and fast communication in general are pretty much destroying cultural boundaries and they are creating the possibility of a global culture. In these regards McLuhan (1962: p. 31) coined the term global village in the 60s referring to the globalization of media. McLuhan shows how the world has turned into a village thanks to electric technology that brings all social functions together and makes us all more aware of our global responsibility. On the other hand it has been considerably argued that globalization might instead foster cultural diversity and give more space to local cultures. Roland Robertson suggests by using the term Glocalization, that locality and with it cultural diversity may be strengthened thanks to globalization. More specifically he describes for instance the process of a product or a service or simply an aspect of life that is developed and spread globally but is also meant to accommodate consumers in local markets, in a way that a global product conforms to local preferences. Global practices are taken differently according to local traditions , the universal takes particular forms , fostering locality. In these regards, well see examples of glocalization in the next pages. Moreover, although theres a tendency of a global lifestyle ,for most people , locality has still a strong importance. As a consequence , because a global culture does not yet exist , it would be quite useless to look for proof of a concept of globalization that levels everything in its path. It would be instead more useful to focus on certain indicators and aspects of peoples life that are being affected by the process of globalization. 2. Some aspects of life affected by Globalization in different parts of the world. In the recent years we have been witnesses of the changes that globalization has brought upon nations around the world, especially in developing countries. While it is true that globalization now is bigger than ever because of all the advancements in technologies around the world, we should also be aware that looking back at historical records, us humans have been looking into globalization for centuries. The developing of old nations has been possible in part with the help of trade with other nations. For example, we can look back at all the trades between Europe and the Americas after its discovery. Or even before with the old Greece and its attempts to expand their culture and language to different territories. All these changes made back then affected different nations in positive as well as in negative ways, and all changes being made now are equally affecting nations in certain aspects of their everyday life. Some of the areas being affected by globalization are: Food, travel, clothing, music, and religion. 2. 1 Food Food is most certainly the oldest motive for global trade. It has been the most important subject in the history of globalization. Particularly after the discovery of the New World when products such as chicken, beef, potatoes, tomatoes, and others of the like were part of the exchanges between these two continents which then became global products. Some of the best cuisines around the world would not have been possible if it was not for trading. Jane Smiley's A Thousand Acres tells a dark tale o EssayHenry Wadsworth Longfellow If music is universal than it can definitely be global; and music has really proven to be so. And in this so-called era of globalization, music has gone across the borders of almost every nation around the globe. Music is so important for people worldwide for one obvious reason, which is that you cannot find a person in the world who does not feel identified with some type of music or with the lyrics of a song or even with the singer. Go to a town in Zimbabwe and you might be surprised to find some fans of Coldplay or one of those popular rock bands. This is the work of Globalization and media as its tool. It is nowadays important for the artist to conquer not only national market but international markets as well. 2. 5 Travel Since the migration of people out of Africa, travel has always been crucial to human history. Tourism  and  globalization  are connected to each other , they are interdependent and complementarily benefit each other in many ways. Although the mass tourism and tourism industry only started in the 90s , there were many other forms of travel not for commercial purposes existing since long before. Such as pilgrimage and migration. Today its no surprise anymore to see races and people mixing in one same place and exchanging experiences , ideas, values and opinions while keeping their own cultural identity. Nowadays in the global era tourism and the desire to travel and see other countries has become universal and touristic activities cover several areas of social life. What made tourism raise a lot was also the dramatic decline of the costs of international flights. Whether were diplomats , business people or just regular tourists , we can feel home in any part of the world. When talking about food before , I gave an idea of how going abroad doesnt not involve adapting to foreign food and living arrangements. Just like for food and clothing , Americanization has its influence also on this area of social life. Western-style toilets, showers, restaurant and toilets are now the world standards of touristic facilities and structures and they are what we all want , and expect, when approaching another country as tourists. Though tourism can be a threat to environment and society unless WTO and governments take the right measures to preserve us from it. 3. Does Globalization diminish cultural diversity? Even though I have tried to measure the impacts of globalization on different areas of our lives, from a methodological point of view it is too complex to make clear statements about the causality between globalization and the changes that have occurred within these aspects of world cultures ( food, clothing, religion and all the topics measured above) over time. However, in this paper we did see some of the ways globalization changes cultural identity , but can we really answer the question about whether globalization diminish cultural differences or not? 3. Global homogenization What will we do in a globalised world? All human beings are equal, so they have the same right to have the same lifestyle-the same social security, jobs, education. J. Fischer Many critics like Fischer believe that Globalization is nothing but a synonym of homogenization. Since the break of trade barriers, people use the same kind of goods everywhere in the wo rld. But as we saw , such use is always set in different circumstances and social contexts. For instance, Coke is really popular in the US and in western countries but its rarely sold in India because people can barely afford it. As well in China you can find hundreds KFCs and McDonalds but Chinese local restaurants are still dominant. When it comes to human relationships, there is some kind of uniformity about how people run their businesses and how they relate to each others within production and marketing situations. Thus this uniformity brought by globalization is only partial and limited to material and economic matters of goods used by people and it does affect culture but consumer culture induced by the media and not culture as the senses and purposes that people find in life. . 2 Globalization fosters cultural diversity Globalization requires us to reinvent everything to think of ourselves as compared to others. Nicolas Sarkozy As Deng (2005) points out , cultural identity answers the questions of Who am I? , What do we have? and Where are we going? and just as well as people do build up their identity through their own culture, they will most likely defend it. Indeed, globalization helped bringin g awareness of cultural identity, uniqueness and self. As stated before, its obvious that when it comes to material and economic matters, globalization may lead to homogenization at the expenses of cultural identities , but in a deeper sense it promotes cultural self-awareness and it fosters cultural differences. As Robertson points out , globalization and localization are so connected that we need to coin a new term for such phenomenon glocalization. Thus homogenization is not in conflict with diversity. 3. 3 In Conclusion It really depends on what indicators we use to compare the two sides of the coin. The positive and the negative sides of the influence that globalization has on cultural identity can definitely coexist and homogenization and heterogenization may as well operate in tandem or even reinforce each other (like the case of Indian tradition being kept within McDonalds fast foods in India). Nowadays, globalization is an overwhelming world trend, anti globalists view it as pure homogenization but on the contrary, it can enhance cultural identity. First of all, people are not mere puppets of cultural influences, they are subjects and not objects of it, meaning they can reject or integrate culture. Moreover, with the development of sciences and technology, people are closer to each other than ever before. Globalization brought this sense of closeness, togetherness and unity to the world and this doesnt necessarily need to be in conflict with diversity. Whats very likely to happen is that people are getting much more aware of their own identity and therefore more concerned about the uniqueness and particularity of their own culture and their own traditions. Cultural diversity gives the global meaning of local knowledge and sense of identity, self, community and nation. Its undeniable that when it comes to scientific , technologic and economic development , globalization does reflect the theory of westernization , homogenization and hegemonic control, but in a deeper sense, it promotes cultural identity. Finally, if globalization makes the world more together it also makes it more diverse. Bibliography Bauman, Z. (1998). Globalization: The Human Consequences. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Deng, N. (2005). On the national literature’s tactics in the globalization’s language environment. Journal of Human Institute of Humanities, Science and Technology, Gills, Barry K. and William R. Thompson. Globalization and Global History. London: Routledge, 2006. Print. BBC McDonalds.   BBC Homepage. 28 Aug. 2001. Web. 1 Aug. 2010. http://www. bbc. co. uk/dna/h2g2/A593525 Gove, Philip Babcock. Websters Third New International Dictionary of the English Language. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, 2000. Print. McLuhan, M. (1962):  The G utenberg Galaxy. London: Routledge Kegan Paul Robertson, R. 1992 : Globalization: Social theory and global culture. London:Sage. Featherstone, Mike, Scott Lash, and Roland Robertson. Global Modernities. London: Sage Publications, 1995. Print.

Inflation Essays (619 words) - Inflation, Hyperinflation

Inflation Hyperinflation The term hyperinflation refers to a very rapid, very large increase in the price level. Measurement problems will be too minor to notice on this scale. There is no strict formal definition for the term, but cases of hyperinflation tend to be expressed in terms of multiples rather than percentages. For example, in Germany between January 1922 and November 1923 (less than two years!) the average price level increased by a factor of about 20 billion. Some representative examples of hyperinflation include Hyperinflation 1922 Germany 5,000% 1985 Bolivia *10,000% 1989 Argentina 3,100% 1990 Peru 7,500% 1993 Brazil 2,100% 1993 Ukraine 5,000% These quotations from other web pages are given mainly as examples of what people have in mind when they talk about hyperinflation, and I cannot say just how accurate the figures are. In any case, figures for the purchasing power lost in hyperinflations can only be rough estimates. Numismatics (coin and currency collecting) gives some examples of just how far hyperinflations can go: an information page for currency collectors tells us that, in the Hungarian hyperinflation after World War II, bills for one hundred million trillion pengos were issued (the pengo was the Hungarian currency unit) and bills for one billion trillion pengos were printed but never issued. (I'm using American terms here -- the British express big numbers differently). The story behind the German hyperinflation illustrates how all hyperinflations have come about, and is of particular interest in itself. After World War I, Germany had a democratic government, but little stability. A general named Kapp decided to make himself dictator, and marched his troops and militias into Berlin in an attempted coup d'etat known as the Kapp Putsch. However, the German people resisted this attempt at dictatorship with nonviolent noncooperation. The workers went out in a general strike and the civil servants simply refused to obey the orders of Kapp and his men. Unable to take command of the country, Kapp retreated and ultimately gave up his attempt. However, the German economy, never very sound, was further disrupted by the conflict surrounding Kapp's putsch and by the strike against it; and production fell and prices rose. The rise in prices destroyed the purchasing power of wages and government revenues, and the government responded to this by printing money to replace the lost revenues. This was the beginning of a vicious circle. Each increase in the quantity of money in circulation brought about a further inflation of prices, reducing the purchasing power of incomes and revenues, and leading to more printing of money. In the extreme, the monetary system simply collapses. In Germany, people would rush out to spend the day's wages as fast as possible, knowing that only a few hours' inflation would deprive today's wages of most of their purchasing power. One source says that people might buy a bottle of wine in the expectation that on the following morning, the empty bottle could be sold for more than it had cost when full. Those with goods to barter resorted to barter to get food; those with nothing to barter suffered. This is the way that hyperinflations happen: by a self-reinforcing vicious cycle of printing money, leading to inflation, leading to printing money, and so on. This is one reason why inflation is feared. There is always the concern that even a little inflation this year will lead to more next year, and so on. But some countries have experienced very great inflations -- 50 to 100% per year -- without ever falling into the cycle of hyperinflation, and there has never been a hyperinflation that could not have been avoided by a simple government determination to stop the expansion of the money supply. The key point is this: the monetary system can function reasonably well as long as the value of the monetary unit is reasonably stable and predictable, and the high standards of living of modern societies cannot exist without a functioning monetary system. The Problem of Stagnation Copyright Economics

Free Essays on Henry Knox

Henry Knox was a soldier, born in Boston, Massachusetts, 25 July, 1750; died in Thomaston, Maine, 25 October, 1806. He received a good education in the schools of his native city, early exhibited a taste for military service. At twenty he began business as a bookseller, he took sides warmly with the colonies in their controversy with the mother country, and after the battles of Lexington and Concord abandoned his business and hastened to join the army that was assembled at Cambridge. He fought gallantly in the battle of Bunker Hill, and when afterward joined the army, he had the rank of colonel. While fighting in the city Washington found himself embarrassed by the happiness of sufficient artillery, and young Knox thought of the idea of obtaining a supply from Lake George and the forts on the Canadian frontier. The long procession moved slowly, but at last it reached Boston, and as it passed into the American lines it was received with shouts by the troops. Knox was warmly complimented by Washington, and congress, as a reward for his services, made him brigadier-general of the artillery. From this time Knox was the constant companion of Washington throughout the war and his warm personal friend and counselor. In 1798, when war seemed probable with France, he was called to take his place in the army. But the threatened danger passing by, he returned to Thomaston. Maine. His death was caused by his accidentally swallowing a chicken-bone, which caused internal inflammation. Knox was amiable, upright, and pure in his private life, and though ardent, impulsive, and enthusiastic, he was vet sound in judgment and cool in action. He had exhibited all of the traits that were ideal for a man of war and also the family man of his time and place.... Free Essays on Henry Knox Free Essays on Henry Knox Henry Knox was a soldier, born in Boston, Massachusetts, 25 July, 1750; died in Thomaston, Maine, 25 October, 1806. He received a good education in the schools of his native city, early exhibited a taste for military service. At twenty he began business as a bookseller, he took sides warmly with the colonies in their controversy with the mother country, and after the battles of Lexington and Concord abandoned his business and hastened to join the army that was assembled at Cambridge. He fought gallantly in the battle of Bunker Hill, and when afterward joined the army, he had the rank of colonel. While fighting in the city Washington found himself embarrassed by the happiness of sufficient artillery, and young Knox thought of the idea of obtaining a supply from Lake George and the forts on the Canadian frontier. The long procession moved slowly, but at last it reached Boston, and as it passed into the American lines it was received with shouts by the troops. Knox was warmly complimented by Washington, and congress, as a reward for his services, made him brigadier-general of the artillery. From this time Knox was the constant companion of Washington throughout the war and his warm personal friend and counselor. In 1798, when war seemed probable with France, he was called to take his place in the army. But the threatened danger passing by, he returned to Thomaston. Maine. His death was caused by his accidentally swallowing a chicken-bone, which caused internal inflammation. Knox was amiable, upright, and pure in his private life, and though ardent, impulsive, and enthusiastic, he was vet sound in judgment and cool in action. He had exhibited all of the traits that were ideal for a man of war and also the family man of his time and place....

Price and Demand in the UK Tennis Tournament Essay

Price and Demand in the UK Tennis Tournament - Essay Example The intervention of this situation has both negative and positive consequences. For instance, the set price from the government’s perspective is a positive factor that can enable it to control and regulate the average prices in order to achieve a given level of market output. Moreover, this will enable consumers to afford the prices because of their relative low nature (Taylor, 2008). However, this intervention will help create a black market for illegal transactions resulting from the technique of first comes, first to be served because scrupulous individuals will access the tickets in advance with the aim of selling them later in the black markets at high prices for profit. For instance, according xxx the price of a ticket in the black market is around $379.12, which is higher by about $273.76 of their actual price in the market. Therefore from the society’s point of view, this is a negative consequence which increasing the standard of living (Banerjee & Duflo, 2011). In addition, this intervention and development of the black market will have negative repercussions on the general economy. Firstly, it will result to underestimation of the gross domestic product (GDP) and national income of the UK. Therefore, because of this the government cannot be able to determine the real status of the economy in order to establish correct policies aimed at improving the standards of living for its citizens. Secondly, the rise of the black market can create employment opportunities for the local people.

Hazard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Hazard - Essay Example Therefore, hazardous chemicals should be appropriately labeled and stored in a place where they are not easily accessible to untrained staff. â€Å"A hazard communication program contains three basic components: labels, MSDS, and employee information and training† (106). Suppliers should provide labels on chemicals and each chemical should have a document describing its properties, hazards, and proper handling. Employees should be trained to know hazardous chemicals and how to protect themselves against physical or health hazards. This source is very important since it enables employers to know which provisions there are under the law, and gives employees the right to sue employers for non-compliance with hazard communication. This source compares to the book safety and the security professional: occupational safety and health strategies in the Annotated Bibliography (AB), in that they both base their interpretation of hazard communication on the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. This book, however, contrasts with the book Hazardous chemicals: control and regulation in the European market, because the latter centers on the classification of hazardous chemicals, while the former focuses on the legal aspects of hazardous substances. ... The author states that, â€Å"the entire safety program is driven to ensure that accidents are avoided, that workers remain healthy, and that productivity is maximized† (105). This can be achieved through staff training to ensure adequate disaster preparedness, and prompt emergency response and self protection. According to Wyman, â€Å"communicating chemical hazards starts with employers assessing the presence of hazardous chemicals in the workplace and establishing safety programs to minimize those hazards† (205). Ideally, hazard communication should, therefore, serve to notify employees of the hazardous nature of chemicals found at their place of employment. The work is imperative in the annotated bibliography, since it sheds light on how employees at all levels- ranging from directors to supervisors and subordinates - can ensure protection at the workplace, through hazard communication. This book compares to Hazardous chemicals: control and regulation in the Europea n market, in that both books provide information on how members of staff is supposed to protect themselves from physical and health hazards, for example, irritants and carcinogens. This source differs from the book A Guide for Safety And Loss Prevention Professionals in that the latter focuses more on the legal aspects of hazard communication, while the former emphasizes on safety maintenance at the workplace. Disaster management is indeed a practice that cannot be alienated if hazards have to be handled in the workplace. California Department of Industrial Relations. Guide to the California Hazard Communication Regulation. California: California Department of Industrial Relations, 2000. Print. In this guide, the

Quationair on Airtel Broadband Customer Satisfaction Essay Example for Free

Quationair on Airtel Broadband Customer Satisfaction Essay QUESTIONNAIRE BASED ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION NAME OF THE ORGANISATION:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ADDRESS / OFFICE (1) .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ BRANCH OFFICE / HO .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.( INDIA / ABROAD) CONTACT NO. (S).. (1) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (2) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ INFORMATION COLLECTED FROM †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ DESIGNATION/ E-MAIL ID †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ NO. OF INTERNET USERS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ HOURS OF USAGE PER DAY. * * ABOUT YOUR ORGANISATION SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. IT MANAGER †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. Overall, how do you feel about your experience with BHARTI as your Internet Service Provider? Excellent[ ] Very Good[ ] Good[ ] Fair[ ] Poor[ ] 2. Rate the following aspects of your internet connection from BHARTI ExcellentVery GoodGoodFairPoor Reliability[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] Speed[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] Busy signals[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] Disconnects[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] 3 In speaking with your support representative, how would you rate the following as friendly, as professionalism or as in interested in solving your problem? a. Friendly As friendly as I expected[ ] Friendly[ ] Average[ ] Less friendly than I expected[ ] Unfriendly[ ] N/A[ ] b. Professionalism As professional as I expected[ ] Professional[ ] Neither professional nor unprofessional[ ] Less professional than I expected[ ] Unprofessional[ ] c. Interest in solving your problem As interested as I expected[ ] Very interested[ ] Interested[ ] Neither interested nor uninterested[ ] Uninterested[ ] 4.When solving your problem, how would you rate the information provided? Extremely well presented and understandable [ ] Well presented and understandable [ ] Sufficient to solve the problem [ ] Difficult to understand [ ] Extremely difficult to understand [ ] N/A [ ] 5. Understanding of the problem Very satisfied that my problem was understood[ ] Somewhat satisfied that my problem was understood[ ] Unsure that my problem was understood[ ] My problem was not understood [ ] Did not have the ability to solve my problem [ ] 6. Was your problem solved on this call? Yes[ ] No[ ] Do not remember[ ] Other ___________________________________ 7. If your answer to the previous question was no, why? The problem was caused by a piece of software other than Bharti software. [ ] The problem was due to a network or server outage.[ ] The problem was with my system or phone lines. [ ] I got transferred to someone who could fix my problem. [ ] I got frustrated and decided it was not worth fixing my Problem. [ ] The rep lacked the knowledge to resolve the problems With my Bharti software and connection correctly. [ ] Other ___________________________________ 8. If you needed to contact Bharti’s technical support again and were given the option to speak with this representative, would you? Yes[ ] No[ ] Undecided[ ] 9. How would you rate Bharti technical support as compared to that of other companies? Much better than other companies’ technical support.[ ] Better than other companies’ technical support.[ ] About the same quality as other companies technical support.[ ] Worse than other companies’ technical support.[ ] Much worse than other companies’ technical support.[ ] I have never contacted another company for technical support.[ ] N/A[ ]

Cuban Economics Essay -- Essays Papers

Introduction Modern Cuba is a country born of struggle. The revolutionary movement that formed the modern day government has remained in power for more than forty years. Indeed, the Cuban government is perhaps one of the most stable governments in the region. This fact is made even more evident by the recent fall of democracy in Haiti. However, the past ten years has seen a marked change in Cuban economic policy. Ostracized from the international community and faced with an embargo imposed by the United States, Cuba has turned to various sources of economic reform in order to survive in a global market. Background (1959 – 1991) During the early period after the revolution, Cuba’s primary economic base was based upon one agricultural resource: sugar (Packenham, pg. 137). Without a diversified agricultural or industrial base, Cuba was forced to become dependent on the only superpower that shared its political ideology, the Soviet Union. Indeed, Cuban trade with the Soviet Union reached a level of 69 percent in 1978, a level equivalent to the amount of trade conducted with the United States prior to the revolution (Packenham, pg. 139). As Cuba entered the 1980’s, it was plagued with the same problems that had plagued it since its inception: dependence on one agricultural produce and on one major trading partner. In the estimate of Carmelo Mesa-Lago, most of the Cuban growth from 1960-1984 came as a result of the $40 billion in Soviet aid (â€Å"Cuban Economy†, pg. 187). Leading up to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Cuban economy was in a terrible condition. In 1986, the economic growth in planned prices was only 1.4 percent compared to a planned rate of 3 percent. Labor productivity fell 1.6 per... ...orida Press (1994). Packenham, Robert A., â€Å"Cuba and the USSR since 1959: What Kind of Dependency†, pgs. 135-165 in Louis Horowitz ed., Cuban Communism (7th ed.), Transaction Publishers (1989). Perez-Lopez, Jorge F., Cuba’s Second Economy: From Behind the Scenes to Center Stage, Transaction Publishers (1995). Theriot, Lawrence H., â€Å"Cuba Faces the Economic Realities of the 1980’s†, pgs. 257-276 in Louis Horowitz ed., Cuban Communism (7th ed.), Transaction Publishers (1989). Watson, Hilbourne A., â€Å"The Techno-Paradigm Shift, Globalization, and Western Hemisphere Integration Trends and Tendencies: Mapping Issues in the Economic and Social Evolution of the Caribbean†, pgs. 59-88 in Joseph S. Tulchin, Andres Serbin, and Rafael Hernandez eds., Cuba and the Caribbean: Regional Issues and Trends in the Post-Cold War Era, Scholarly Resources (1997).

Chimerism in Humans

Chimera according to the genome glossary is an organism which possesses cells or tissues with a different genotype. This can be caused due to mutated cells of the host organism or cells from a different organism or species. According to Greek mythology, the original â€Å"Chimera† (pronounced as kih-MEE-ra, and the adjective form â€Å"chimerical† pronounced as kih-MER-ih-cal) was a fire-breathing female monster with the head of a lion, the body of a goat and the hindquarters of a dragon. The terrifying Chimera may have merely been a product of a substandard family environment — her father was the giant Typhon, her mother the half-serpent Echidna. Her siblings were the Cerebrus (the three-headed hound who eventually found work guarding the gates of Hell), Hydra (a nine-headed aquatic monster) and Orthrus (the runt of the litter, a prosaic two-headed dog). As per the mythology, Chimera pounced around making everyone wretched until one day a man named Bellerophon, riding on the winged horse Pegasus slays her. [Author unknown, Chimera, 2004] Though believed to be a mythological epic, it was found that cases of Chimera were actually prevalent in humans when certain intriguing criminal cases erupted. One such case was when a woman has been raped by a man and the women claimed a particular person to be the culprit. However, the crime justice authorities had found it difficult to convict the suspect. It so happened that the DNA taken from his blood sample did not match the DNA of the suspect. However, extensive investigation and the victim’s statements revealed it to be same person being responsible for the crime. When another series of DNA tests were taken from the suspect, this time from his hair sample it was found that the DNA sample perfectly matched. This revealed a breathtaking phenomenon among human genome which has resulted in various problems in the criminal justice system. Those people who have two types of DNA in their body are called chimeras after the mythological creature with a head of lion, body of a goat and a tail of a serpent. These people are sometimes also referred to as mosaics. It has found that these people have two different types of DNA in various parts of their body. Though a rare occurrence, this could have been due to various reasons. [Vladar, 2004] One of the common reasons is that chimeras are formed if developing fraternal twin embryos join together to become one embryo. This is something which is completely opposite of identical twins who are formed when a single embryo splits into two. This occurrence takes place in the very early stages of the embryo development i.e. when it is still in the form of unspecialized cells, so when it develops the baby that is born is healthy but with two types of DNAs. It is also found that fraternal twins don’t have same set of DNA, however, they the two fraternal twin embryos fuse together it results in chimera. Another reason for chimeras to form is when developing fraternal twin share the same blood supply. This usually happens when the twins with different DNA share a placenta in the mother’s womb and cells from their blood mix together. This results in the twins being chimeras based on only their blood as other cells are not affected by the blood supply. Chimeras are also formed through some mistakes or mutations taking place in the division of the cells in the development embryo. This mainly takes place when the cells split into two so that they are able to be formed into more of themselves for the growth of the embryo. It also results in the the doubling up of the DNA by the cells which gets divided between the two new halves. During this process, if something goes wrong, then some new cells result in having different DNA. If this happens in the early stages of the development, then the tissues which are developed from the cells will have different genotype. It is difficult to gauge the exact number of chimeras in the world. We are able to find out whether a person is a chimera or not only when his / her DNA is analysed. This causes varied problems with regards to solving of crime cases and also results in complication with regards to donation of organs. In recent years, exciting results have been found out that a section of genetically incompatible cells may contribute to conditions like infertility, autism and Alzheimer's disease. [Migliore, L et al, 1999] Human chimeraism came into being with advent of blood typing and it was found that some people had more than two types of blood group. Most of the cases of chimeraism are the blood chimeraism i.e. non-identical twins sharing a blood supply in the womb. Twin embryos often share a blood supply in the placenta, allowing blood stem cells to pass from one embryo and settle in the bone marrow of the other, seeding a lasting source of blood. As a result, almost 8% of non-identical twin pairs have chimeric blood. [van Dijk, B A; Boomsma, D I and de Man, A J M, 1996] Apart from those who have chimera due to different blood types, there are even larger numbers of people who have this phenomenon due to carrying smaller numbers of different blood cells that may have passed through the mother and the fetus across the placenta or persist from a blood transfusion. It has also been analysed that the presence of some foreign white blood cells might be the cause for autoimmune diseases wherein the immune system affects the body’s own tissues. [Nelson, J L, 2002] True chimeras are usually identified when they possess male and female cells resulting in the formation of hermaphrodites or any related problem in the person’s sexual organs and their chromosomal sex is identified by their blood test. So the real number of chimeras and mosaics are much more than those that have been identified till date. Unless and until a chimera comes forward to get his blood sampled or has been convicted for a crime, it wouldn’t be possible to know whether he actually is a chimera. This has resulted in further complication in solving some crime justice cases. It has been also analyzed that with the increase in in-vitro fertilization (IVF), there has an increase in the cases of chimeras. To avoid infertility among women, IVF has been quite common in the present day scenario. In this process, two or more embryos are placed in a woman’s uterus so there is an increased success rate. This results in 25% more cases of twin pregnancies than expected. With the increased number of twins, there is likelihood of more cases of chimeras. This was proved by Bonthron who found out that the British hermaphrodite boy who was a chimera was formed by IVF. Strain, L; Dean, J C S; Hamilton, M P R and Bonthron, D T – 1998] According to various tests undertaken along with ultrasound examinations performed on the mother who was carrying the single fetus, the baby that was born had a normal right testis and a semi-developed left testis. An operation was conducted when the child was 15 months old and the surgeons removed â€Å"an abnormal gonad and vas deferens.† Pathology studies later exposed that these were actually an ovary with a fallopian tube attached. Studies revealed that the child's chromosomes had both female (XX) and male (XY) cell lines. This was explained to be that the child was an exceptional case of a true chimera which was a mixture of two embryos from separately fertilized eggs. The other likelihood was that two different sperm had unusually developed into a single mature egg before cell division had taken place. To distinguish between these possibilities, the researchers analyzed DNA near the centromeres of the child's chromosomes, which are involved in cell division. [Author unknown, DNA puzzle of mother ‘made of two women', 2004] Apart from this, the study conducted also revealed that chimerism can occur naturally, resulting in children with vague genitalia, however published data on the phenomenon is very restricted and many XX/XY children may go unnoticed. Even so, the fact that chimerism occurred in a child born following in vitro fertilization should be taken seriously. [Author unknown, 2004 In Vitro Fertilization Results In Chimera, 2004] Considering these above points, it is becoming more and more difficult for the crime justice system to analyze the crime due to the increase in the cases of chimeraism and mosaicism which in turn is increasing with the increase in in-vitro fertilization. The criminals are able to move about freely as their blood samples usually differ from their other DNA samples taken from different parts of the body. It is also becoming difficult for the crime justice system as well as the medical system to analyze the exact number of chimeras as it is very difficult with the increase in mutations.

Paradise of the Blind Essay - 1520 Words

Work in Translation Paradise of the Blind by Duong Thu Huong Final Draft Name: Chung Yee, Lee Candidate number: 003072-225 Year 11 QASMT Teacher: Ms Jennifer Russel Word Count: 1477 Work in Translation Paradise of the Blind by Duong Thu Huong In the novel, Paradise of the Blind, written by Duong Thu Huong originally in Vietnamese and translated into English by Phan Huy Duong and Nina Mcpherson, the author constructs characters Aunt Tam and Uncle Chinh as analogs of conflicting political ideologies of 20th century Vietnam in order to display her opinions on its effectiveness in attaining proclaimed paradise. The characters are constructed to differently express the author’s voice towards extremist ideologies, Uncle Chinh†¦show more content†¦The author has used the juxtaposition to represent the disillusioned result of a successful employment of communism, heaven, to the reality of communism, tragedy, the result of failure in the employment of communism. Duong also provides her opinion about the capitalist ideologies through the characterisation of Aunt Tam. In contrast to Uncle Chinh, Aunt Tam was constructed as a character with protagonist nature. â€Å"Aunt Tam was beautiful. Few women could boast such fine features.† (Hang, page 250) Aunt Tam was conveyed by the author as a metaphor of beauty and was represented by the author to be an example in the successes in achieving the capitalistic goal of wealth. The emphasis on the word â€Å"few† could be placed as the idea that success in capitalism belonged with a minority and suggests impracticality of the capitalistic ideals. The disregard for capitalist ideals by 20th century Vietnam however has been constructed by the author throughout the novel. The effect on the peasantry had been constructed by Duong in relation to the character Que. Within the book, the close paternal relationship of Que and Hang had deteriorated since the beginning of her relationship with Aunt Tam. â€Å"Because Aunt Tam had taken me under her protection†¦a kind of indifference had slipped into our relationship.† (Hang, page 136). The author has inserted tragic tone of voice used to express the strain in Hang and Que’s as Hang’s relationshipShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Paradise Of The Blind 1480 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis through the Feminist Lens of the Women in Paradise of the Blind In Paradise of the Blind there are many themes throughout the book, major ones including family, culture, and power. Throughout the story, the reader can see that Que and Aunt Tam are foils of each other in a feminist aspect. While they are both living in the same culture, the decisions they make throughout their lives ultimately show their different perspectives in situations involving money and own well-being. Through thisRead MoreParadise of the Blind Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesWorld literature two Statement of intent I plan to elaborate on the political aspects of Paradise of the Blind by writing a formal letter to the Vietnam government. The Vietnam government banned this book from the country because of the all encompassing political aspects included in the book. In the authors books all of the aspects of life are demonstrated and the total view was an unattractive image for the leaders. This book was banned because it went against what a government hopesRead MoreAnalysis Of Paradise Of The Blind 1483 Words   |  6 PagesLove in Paradise of the Blind As one explores the novel, Paradise of the Blind, the author Duong Thu Huong shows occurrence of the concept of love throughout her novel by manipulating each character to show this through both their actions and emotions. Although the characters are manipulated by the author to show love, it is the interactions between them that show us the deeper analytical meaning behind their perspectives of love. Thus, the concept of love is prevalent throughout Paradise of theRead MoreParadise Of The Blind Essay1871 Words   |  8 Pages The significance of children in Duong Thu Huong’s Paradise of the Blind IB English Literature – WIT Assignment Reflective Statement Word Count: 370 Works in Translation Essay Word Count: 1404 Reflective Statement: â€Å"How was your understanding of cultural and contextual considerations of the work developed through the interactive oral?† Upon listening to the interactive orals, there is a distinct difference in the ideas presented by the author in the work, which does not apply with situationsRead MoreThe Roles of Food in Paradise of the Blind1327 Words   |  4 Pages1980s, Duong Thu Huong s Paradise of the Blind narrates the life of a 20 years old Vietnamese lady, Hang, as she makes a long train ride to Moscow where she reflects on her childhood in Vietnam during the time of Communist reign. Throughout the novel, Huong conveys the story in the perspective of Hang using different motifs. Unquestionably, one such motif is the use food, which is recurrent and significant. In the two selected passages from Paradise of the Blind, Huong emphasizes that food,Read MoreParadise Of The Blind, By Duong Thu1448 Words   |  6 PagesIn the story of life, time is a ravenous beast, destroying and building regardless and apathetic to whom it affects. An inescapable thing that never dies, but plagues people with its shapes of p ast, present, and future. In Paradise of the Blind by Duong Thu Huong, Duong doesn’t hold back when exposing the ugly face of the past. Hang, the protagonist, faces poverty, a broken family, and the loss of love from an early age, which force her mature quickly and harshly. Her exposure to such extreme, difficultRead MoreParadise Of The Blind Reflective Statement1819 Words   |  8 PagesReflective Statement: Upon first reading Duong Thu Hong s novel Paradise of the Blind, I was quite unaware about Vietnam after the Vietnam war and some of the paramount hardships with which people were faced with. However, the interactive oral discussions have given me a different perspective on the novel and I was able to delve into the subtleties and complexities of Vietnamese culture and some of its key characteristics. We discussed the significance of food within the novel. Prior to theRead MoreAnalysis of Chapters 8 and 9 in Paradise of the Blind785 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Paradise of the Blind – Chapters 8 and 9 Write an analysis of how Chapters 8 and 9 explore the connection between culture, food and community The interdependent connection between culture, food and community is pivotal in the demonstration of the importance Vietnamese tradition in Paradise of the Blind. Chapters eight and nine focus on the importance of culture through family particularly evident in the way food acts as an expression of this culture. Food is also used to establish a sense of communityRead MoreHow Communism Affects Social Classes in Paradise of the Blind and House of the Spirits1589 Words   |  7 PagesHow Communism Affects Social Classes in Paradise of the Blind and House of the Spirits Word Count: 1500 Communism is the idea of a classless society; a society in which there are no distinctions between social classes and where all government systems are abolished. A communist society normally aims to allow individuals to obtain a common political status. Communism, in general, disagrees with old traditions of social classes (What is Communism?). When communism develops in a society, socialRead MoreHow Does Corruption Affect The Families And The Two Young Female Protagonists Portrayed1257 Words   |  6 PagesHow does corruption affect the families and the two young female protagonists portrayed in Americanah (Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie) and Paradise of the Blind (DÆ °Ã† ¡ng Thu HÆ °Ã† ¡ng)? Americanah by Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie and Paradise of the Blind by DÆ °Ã† ¡ng Thu HÆ °Ã† ¡ng offers insight into our world and gives us a greater understanding of our surrounding through the places, events and characters that envelop the stories. Adichie’s novel, published in May 2013 and set in the early 1990’s and onwards focusses